In vivo antimalarial activity of extracts of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst and Scoparia dulcis Linn, two plants from Niger
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64707/revstss.v48i2.1885Keywords:
Malaria, Sclerocarya birrea, Scoparia dulcis, antiplasmodial activities.Abstract
This study used the leaves and bark of Sclerocarya birrea, as well as the leafy stems of Scoparia dulcis. Crude extracts and fractions were prepared from the collected samples. Antiplasmodial tests were carried out on NMRI mice. A reduction in parasitaemia of 21.07 ± 1.25% and 57.12 ± 3.18%, respectively, was observed with the aqueous extracts and fractions of Sclerocarya birrea and Scoparia dulcis at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/kg bw, and of 77.75 ± 1.11% and 75.47 ± 1.11% with the decoction of Sclerocarya birrea and Scoparia dulcis, respectively. The ethyl acetate fractions of both samples exhibited inhibition rates of 75.79 ± 1.46% for Scoparia dulcis and 21.90 ± 2.40% for Sclerocarya birrea at a concentration of 250 mg/kg bw. Fractions from the leaves of Sclerocarya birrea and the leafy stems of Scoparia dulcis exhibited notable antiplasmodial activity. The antiplasmodial effect obtained was significant, with % suppression greater than 50%, and the extracts exhibited low toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg/kg bw. This preclinical efficacy could be explained by the presence of bioactive compounds such as sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Therefore, the study confirms the traditional use of these plants in the treatment of malaria, and they could be explored as an alternative to conventional treatments in the face of emerging parasitic resistance.
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